Dam Research;

Needs and Funding;

Boulder

Sept. 27-28, 2007

1 Participants. 1

2 Agenda. 2

3 Flip Charts Notes. 3

4 Consolidated Dam Safety Research Needs List 3

5 Report 6

6 Current Dam Related Research. 6

7 Press Release. 6

8 Follow Up Tasks. 7

9 Contact 7

 

1 Participants

Federal, State

Baals, John

BOR

Becker, Brian

BOR

Nuss, Larry

BOR

Guttierez, David

California Dept. of Water

Schultz, Mark

California Dept. of Water

Allerton, Bill

FERC

Brand, Bruce

FERC

Hall, Robert

USACE

Private Sector

Charlwood, Robin

Consultant

Ehasz, Joseph

Washington Group

France, John

URS

Ghanaat, Yusof

Quest Structures

Johnson, Daniel

GEI; USSD

Vazinkhoo, Saman

BC Hydro

Nguyen, Phuong

Hydro Quebec

Tarbox, Glenn

MWH

Tjoumas, Gus

CEATI

Vazinkhoo, Saman

BC Hydro

Yen, John

Southern California Edison

Academia

Bowles, David

Utah State University

Duron, Zeyad

Harvey-Mudd

Ko, Hon-Yim

University of Colorado

Leger, Pierre

Polytechnic of Montreal

Saouma, Victor

University of Colorado

Suarez, Luis

Univ. of Puerto-Rico

 

2 Agenda

Thursday Sept. 27:

 


Session I: Introduction

 

8:30-8:35         Welcoming remarks, Prof. Sture, Vice Chancellor for Research

8:35-8:40         Welcoming remarks, Saouma

8:40-8:50         Overview, Nuss

8:50-9:00         Opening remarks, Charlwood

 


Session II Presentations on policy, practice and current projects

Moderator: Charlwood, Recorder: Nuss

 

9:00-9:10         Bureau of Reclamation,                                     Nuss

9:10-9:20         US Army Corps of Engineers                            Hall (Audio-Conference)

9:20-9:30         National Dam Safety Program                           France, Becker

9:30-9:40         Interagency Committee on Dam Safety,             Allerton, Becker

9:40-9:50         CEATI                                                             Tjoumas

9:50-10:00       Association of State Dam Safety Officials          France

10:00-10:20     Break

10:20-10:30     United States Society on Dams                         Johnson, Ehasz, Bowles

10:30-10:40     California Department of Water Resources        Guttierez, Schultz

10:40-10:50     Federal Energy Regulatory Commission            Brand, Allerton

10:50-11:00     Canadian perspective                                        Phuong, Vazinkhoo, Zielinski

11:00-11:10     University Perspective                                       Duron, Ko, Leger, Suarez, Saouma

11:10-11:20     Utility Companies perspective                           Yen

11:20-11:30     Consultants perspective                                     Ehasz, France, Tarbox

                                                                                                 Ghanaat

11 :30-12 :00   Discussions I

12:00-1:00       Lunch (on premises)

1:00-2:00         Discussion II

Session III Reports on Activities

Moderator: Duron

 

2:00-2:20         Seismic Working Group                                    Charlwood

2:20:2:40          USSD/ICOLD (Aging)                                     Charlwood

2:40-3:00         FEMA (Seismology, Embankments)                 Hall (Audio-Conference)

3:00-3:20         NEES                                                              Saouma

Session IV Research Identification

 

3:00-4:00         Summary of key research needs                        (Charlwood, Tjoumas)

4:00-4:30         Summary of current research funding                 (Saouma, Duron)

 


4:30-5:15         Tour of laboratory facilities, centrifuge, NEES laboratories.

Informal No-Host Reception/Dinner

 

Friday Sept. 28

                                                                       

Session V Research Support

Moderator: Guttierez

 

8:15-8:45         Sites and Facilities to perform research              (Universities, others)

8::45-9:00        Peer Review of Research                                  (USSD, others)

9:00-9:30         Discussion

9:30-10:00       Break  

 


Session VI Strategic Planning

Moderators; Charlwood and Saouma

 

10:00-10:30     Strategic Development

10:30-11:00     Action Items

11:00-12:00     Drafting of the “Boulder Declaration on Dam Safety”

12:00               Adjourn

 

1 Flip Charts Notes

Pictures of notes recorded by Robin Charlwood on the board can be found here.

2 Consolidated Dam Safety Research Needs List

The following list (compiled by Bruce Brand on the basis of collected information) represents an attempt to consolidate several previous lists generated by dam engineering organizations.   Larry Nuss of the Bureau of Reclamation compiled input from the Bureau of Reclamation, (BREC) the Corps of Engineers (CoE), and the United States Society of Dams (USSD).  The list that Nuss complied was actually 3 lists, representing the research needs submitted by the above noted agencies, without coordination amongst themselves.  Because of this, there is some redundancy in the Nuss list that this list attempts to consolidate. 

In addition the work of  Nuss and his committee of reviewers, lists of research needs put forth by the Interagency Committee of Dams (ICODs), the National Dam Safety Review Board (NDSRB), and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) are also included. 

The research needs in these lists are listed numerically. In the case of the NUSS list and the NDSRB list, the topics are listed in descending order of importance.  The prioritization of theses lists was done by the generators of the lists, not by the compiler.  In the case of ICODs and FERC, no attempt was made to establish a prioritization because FERC and ICODS did not assign priorities.

When a item identified by one of these agencies coincides with an item in the another list, this is pointed out by the appearance of the item number in the respective agencies’ column on the right side of the spreadsheet.  In addition, when there is redundancy between two or three agencies, this is pointed out in a similar manor. 

For example “Validate soil constitutive models” was identified in the Nuss list, and was also appeared as item 3 in the ICODs list and item 6 in the FERC list. There has been numerous priority lists in the past. Larry has summarized them in this, and Bruce will consolidate and finalize it.

 

 

NDSRB

ICODS

FERC

NUSS

 

List from National Dam Safety Review Board

 

 

 

 

1

Develop a marketing plan and outreach strategy to promote the significance of EAP’s .

1

 

 

 

2

Guidance on the design and construction of overtopping protection of earth embankments

2

 

3

 

3

Documentation of the hydraulic design criteria for embankment stepped spillways

3

 

 

 

4

Development of the historical, regional databases of storms and floods

4

 

27

27

5

Guidelines for the evaluation of the hydrologic safety of dams

5

 

 

 

6

Development of regional hydrology parameters

6

 

 

 

7

Improved technology transfer of GIS, NEXRAD, and meteorological data

7

7

 

 

8

Guidance on methodologies to address snowmelt contributions to the inflow design flood

8

9

 

 

9

Guidelines for state utilization of standard and consistent approaches to inundation mapping

9

 

 

 

10

Additional research on breach parameters, the results of breaches, and inundation mapping

10

 

 

 

11

Guidelines on acceptable/tolerable risk criteria need development

11

 

 

 

12

Guidance on performing failure mode identification, including a list of failure modes for outlets works

12

 

 

 

13

Extension of frequency curves to rare Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP)

13

1

 

 

14

Evaluation of the earthquake effects on small earth and concrete dams

14

 

 

 

15

Practice manual on the use of chemicals and bio-barriers in dam applications

15

 

 

 

16

Research on  use of soil bacteria for stabilizing liquefiable soil in earthquake-prone locations

16

 

 

 

17

Inspection procedures to identify potential seismic deficiencies at small earth and concrete dams

17

 

 

 

 

ICODS List

 

 

 

 

1

Frequency Of Extreme Hydrologic Events For Dams

13

1

 

 

2

Consistent Assessment Of Earthquake Ground Motions At Dams

 

2

 

 

3

Consistent Assessment Of Liquefaction Resistance And Deformation Analysis Of Embankment Dams

 

3

6

4,8

4

Piping And Internal Erosion In Dams

 

4

4

 

5

Consistent Assessment Of Static And Dynamic Structural Stability Of Concrete Dams

 

5

 

 

6

Addressing Hydrologic Adequacy Of Dams On The Same Watershed

 

6

 

 

7

Determination Of The Probable Maximum Precip. In  Assessing The Hydrologic Adequacy Of Dams

7

7

 

 

8

Rainfall-Runoff Modeling In Assessing The Hydrologic Adequacy Of Dams

 

8

 

 

9

Snowmelt Calculations In Assessing The Hydrologic Adequacy Of Dams

8

9

 

 

 

FERC List Presented at the September 2007 Workshop in Boulder CO

 

 

 

 

1

Research on debris plugging of spillways during extreme flood events

 

 

1

 

2

Gather gate reliability data as a function of maintenance and  testing

 

 

2

 

3

Errodibility of earth embankments as a function of Overtopping depth, Soil type, & Vegetation cover

2

 

3

 

4

Develop methods for predicting / monitoring  piping. (Flow Tomography?)

 

4

4

 

5

Develop failure modes for concrete dams

 

 

5

11

6

Develop a soil liquefaction numerical model with realistically obtainable parameters

 

3

6

4,8

 

Composite List Compiled by Larry Nuss (Bureau of Reclamation)

 

 

 

 

1

Compare theoretical analyses of different types to observed case histories

 

 

 

1

2

Determine failure modes of concrete dams through physical model testing

 

 

5

2

3

Determine the level of damping in concrete dams

 

 

 

3

4

Validate soil constitutive models

3

 

6

4

5

Develop methods to predict and mitigate transverse cracking in embankments

 

 

 

5

6

Expand and update program of strong motion instrumented dams

 

 

 

6

7

Determine hydrodynamic loads on spillway gates

 

 

 

7

8

Develop better estimates of liquefaction potential in problematic soils

3

 

6

8

9

Determine reliability of insitu soil test methods (SPT, Becker, Cone, Shear-wave)

 

 

 

9

10

Application of seismic motions through embankments

 

 

 

10

11

Determine seismic response of multiple arch dams

 

 

5

11

12

Determine methods for coupled dam/foundation block stability analysis

 

 

 

12

13

Investigate cracking of embankment dams

 

 

 

13

14

Determine vulnerability of levees

 

 

 

14

15

Earthquake monitoring in the eastern US

 

 

 

15

16

Develop constitutive models for concrete

 

 

 

16

17

Effects of spatially varying ground motions

 

 

 

17

18

Validate analyses by analyses of laboratory tests

 

 

 

18

19

Improve field sampling techniques

 

 

 

19

20

Develop means to predict duration & intensity for liquefaction/deformation analyses

 

 

 

20

21

Guidance on risk methodology

 

 

 

21

22

Develop simplified embankment analysis procedures for low seismic areas

 

 

 

22

23

Determine the effect of fault movement under dams

 

 

 

23

24

Perform and present more detailed reviews of dam performance -lessons learned

 

 

 

24

25

Guidance for probabilistic analysis of ground motions

 

 

 

25

26

Determine how uplift changes during earthquake

 

 

 

26

27

Study internal erosion potential for clay soils

4

 

4

27

28

Develop guidance for selection of ground motions for representative parts of the US

 

 

 

28

29

Determine innovative rehabilitation schemes for deficient spillways

 

 

 

29

30

Determine strength of shear keys

 

 

 

30

31

Determine stability of small concrete dams on soil foundations

 

 

 

31

32

Develop updated design and analysis criteria for concrete dams

 

 

 

32

33

Assessing the consequences of embankment deformations

 

 

 

33

34

Develop better near field ground motions

 

 

 

34

35

Develop consistent set of guidelines for state and federal regulatory agencies

 

 

 

35

36

Develop observational numerical approach to embankment design

 

 

 

36

37

Study embankment overtopping

 

 

 

37

38

Develop 3 dim. Slope stability analysis tools for embankment dams

 

 

 

38

39

Upgrade attenuation relationships for site conditions and directivity

 

 

 

39

40

Develop guidance on selection of subduction zone time histories

 

 

 

40

41

Develop method to determine factor of safety for underdrains in embankments

 

 

 

41

42

Develop roller compacted construction techniques for arch dams

 

 

 

42

43

Determine dynamic soil pressures on spillway crest structures

 

 

 

43

44

Develop coupled thermal/structural analysis method for predicting cracking in RCC

 

 

 

44

45

Develop procedure for defining background earthquakes in deterministic analyses

 

 

 

45

46

Study progressive deformation of dam foundation

 

 

 

46

47

Determine influence of low velocity structures adjacent to normal and thrust faults

 

 

 

47

48

Determine embankment seismic deformation using strain

 

 

 

48

49

Determine procedures for measurement of reservoir bottom absorption

 

 

 

49

50

Study time for an embankment dam to achieve steady state flow

 

 

 

50

51

Develop simplified analysis method for seismic analysis of arch dams

 

 

 

51

 

3 Report

Preliminary report for the Thursday meeting was assembled by Prof. Suarez.

4 Current Dam Related Research

e-Mail sent by David Guttierez:

Attached is a document I couldn’t find on the website.  This is the 1999 document which led to the in depth research needs for each of the dam safety research subjects.  As you can see, they went through the entire dam safety issues and outlined them in terms of priority.  Next, an in-depth needs assessment was completed for many of the issues which can be downloaded from the sites below  (Research Reports Completed thus far: Seepage through Embankment Dams (FEMA 535), Dam Spillways (FEMA 536), Spillway Gates (FEMA 537), Hydrologic Issues for Dams (FEMA 538), Impacts of Plants & Animals on Earthen Dams (FEMA 540), Embankment Dam Failure Analysis (FEMA 541), Risk Assessment for Dams, Outlet Works, The Costs of Rehabilitating the Nation's Dams).  There is one completed for earthquake dam issues, but I don’t see it in either website.  I was part of that FEMA committee several years ago with professors and other specialist around the country. I will find out what is the hang-up with releasing this document, since it will fit our needs perfectly.  Also attached for your reference is the Dam Safety Research strategic plan which explains the vision they had.

Here are some websites that have the information you can download the actual documents:

ASDSO link showing the FEMA research needs completed for each subject area:  http://www.damsafety.org/resources/?p=913e28b0-4f4e-425f-a36d-b8518b3e3f12

FEMA link with some of the same information and more:  http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/damfailure/publications.shtm

National Dam Safety Review Board Research goals/objectives:  http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/damfailure/research.shtm

Hope this helps.

David

5 Press Release

Following the workshop, a consensual press release was prepared and issued on January 9, 2008.

Contact: Victor Saouma, (303) 492-1622

             Dan Johnson, (303) 440-5234

             Carol Rowe, (303) 492-7426

Jan. 9, 2008

 

DAM EXPERTS ISSUE CALL TO

STRENGTHEN RESEARCH ON SAFETY

AND REHABILITATION OF U.S. DAMS

 

In the aftermath of America's poor infrastructure report card on dams, as well as the levee failures in New Orleans and the August bridge collapse in Minnesota, a group of dam experts is calling for more research funding to develop better investigative and inspection techniques to identify unsafe dams.

 

The experts want to see more economical and effective rehabilitation of the nation's most deficient dams for the protection of the public and other infrastructure.

 

The group of 25 engineers has wide representation from government, the private sector and higher education, and most are members of the United States Society on Dams, or USSD, and the Association of State Dam Safety Officials, or ASDSO.  They endorsed the need to fund basic research to support national dam safety initiatives for the protection of life and property at a University of Colorado at Boulder workshop last fall.

 

"Given the limited resources available to address maintenance of our aging infrastructure, we must develop a rational plan for rehabilitation based on thorough scientific research," said workshop co-organizer Victor Saouma, a professor of civil engineering who directs the George E. Brown Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation site at CU-Boulder.  "Millions of dollars in rehabilitation and many lives can potentially be saved by properly studying and rehabilitating dams that are unsafe due to aging or at risk of failure from earthquakes or flooding."

 

The American Society of Civil Engineers' 2005 Report Card for America's Infrastructure gave dams in the United States a grade of D, as compared to a grade of C given to the nation's bridges.  Technological advances through research are required for the development of investigative tools and new analytical methodologies to identify and correct deficient dams in the interest of public safety, according to the experts.

 

Of the 78,000 dams in the United States, 10,000 have a high-hazard potential, meaning that their failure could result in loss of life or severe property damage, according to the Dam Safety and Security Act of 2003.  Many of the dams at risk are located along active fault lines in California.

Additionally, the ASDSO has estimated it would cost more than $10 billion to upgrade the condition of all critical nonfederal dams -- dams that pose a direct risk to human life should they fail.

 

Robin Charlwood, chairman of the Concrete Dams Committee of the International Commission on Large Dams and a USSD board member, stressed that investing in research now will save both time and money in addressing long-term needs.  "There is a need to have more research and development to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the investment we must make in maintaining the availability and safety of our dams," Charlwood said.

 

Dan Johnson, vice president of the USSD and a senior water resources engineer with GEI Consultants in Boulder, said the lack of research funding to study dam safety has led to a decrease in U.S. competitiveness.

 

"The federal government should allocate more resources in an area where U.S.

technology was once a world leader. We are now at risk of falling behind countries such as France, Spain and Brazil in dam technology.  Other fast-developing countries such as China and Iran have made great progress in the last decade. They are becoming leaders themselves and are starting to compete in the world technology markets," Johnson said.

 

As part of its declaration, the Boulder workshop identified earthquakes, aging infrastructure and floods as the primary risks for dam failure and therefore the major research priorities.  CU-Boulder will work with other universities to develop a research plan to be conducted in coordination with the USSD and other industry organizations, which will advise the academic community on its research direction and disseminate the research for cost-effective implementation of dam infrastructure upgrades.

 

David Gutierrez, chief of the Division of Safety of Dams, California Department of Water Resources, expressed continued concern with the complex behavior of dams during earthquakes and the limited research being conducted compared with the nation's investment in these dams and the cost of rehabilitating them.

 

For more information go to http://www.dam-research.org.

 

 - 30 -

6 Follow Up Tasks

1.         Priority List                                           Bruce

2.         Research List                                        David G., Mark

a.   Structures                                 Victor

b.   Risk                                         David B.

c.   Geotech                                   DSOD

d.   Hydraulics & Hydrology           FERC

3.         Write report:                                         Luis and Larry

4.         Set up Web Page:                                 Victor

5.         Contact consultants                               Glenn

6.         First draft of “Boulder Statement”         Victor

7.         “Endorsement”

a.   from USSD      Dan

b.   ASDSO           Dave

c.   NDSRB           John

8.         Follow up with CEATI             Gus, Tai

7 Contact

A “secretariat” is in place to follow up: Bruce Brand, Robin Charlwood, Pierre Leger, Victor Saouma

For corrections, additions, suggestions, please contact Prof. Victor Saouma, saouma@colorado.edu (303)492-1622